Theories- The Final Question This question requires a lot of theory all surrounding the media effects model (what are the effects media has on audiences) Active/Passive audiences Hypodermic Needle Theory Cohen (Moral Panics) Mulvey (Male Gaze) Anderson (Media violence and Youth) Guantlett (Media effects is outdated)- counter argument Uses and Gratifications- counter argument Media effects model The model (sometimes referred to as theory) concerns how media can affect society/individuals and vice versa. There are very negative implications of this model, but you we will also learn some counter arguments. The media effects model suggests that audiences are passive and easily influenced by the media they consume. The Hungerford Massacre In 1987, Michael Robert Ryan fatally shot 16 people in Hungerford, England, before turning the gun on himself. He used a handgun and 2 semi-automatic rifles. Press reports stated he was obsessed with the film 'First Blood', and may ...