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Revision for test

Mini test

Ownership

Conglomerates- a large company that owns other subsidiaries, smaller companies. For example, Disney owns Pixar. 

Vertical integration- the company covers all areas or stages. For example, production, distribution and exhibition. For example, Netflix. It makes the product and distributes it on it's own platforms. 

An advantage of this is that the profit that is made is not shared, and the company can keep it all. 

Horizontal integration-  a media company has a number of subsidiary (smaller) companies that are used to support the marketing of its products. They can also work with other media companies. Each one can cover different areas of production. 


When 2 media companies work together for a mutual benefit. 

E.g. to produces and distribute a television drama.
Sony pictures is horizontally integrated because it owns different companies that work together to create a product. For example, sony pictures worked alongside sony entertainment or sound. They cover different areas of production. This is mutually beneficial.


Synergy- when companies work together because they both profit from the media production. For example, Hasbro toys with Marvel to produce merchandise. 

Public service broadcasting- the BBC (British broadcasting corporation). 75% of it's funding comes from people buying a TV license, and all BBC radio and television production is funded in this way. 

BBC Remit- a statement or promise of their intentions. They are obliged to do this because of the way in which they are funded. REVISE THIS.

For example, it needs to cater for a diverse population. 

Commercial advertising- unless you are the BBC, all media companies need to advertise in order to fund their programmes, as this informs audiences of new productions. An example of this is ITV. They use sponsors within programmes as well as commercial adverts. Prime slots on air cost more to advertise. This is so they can get higher viewing figures, and it is accessible to a mass amount of people. This prime time is 5:30-8pm. This also applies to radio. For example, Kiss FM uses commercial advertising to get funds to make their product. 

Explain the difference between a conglomerate and an independent company.

A conglomerate is a large company that owns many subsidiaries, smaller companies and creates high budget films. An example of this is Disney, which owns Pixar.  This differs to an independent film which is a smaller company that is not part of ‘the big 6’, and so has a lower budget. An example of this is Monkeypaw. 

Explain 2 advantages of being a conglomerate company. Use examples to explain your answer.

One advantage of being a conglomerate is that one does not have to share the profit, and so they gain the complete profit. this is an advantage as the company earns a large amount of money they can use to fund future products. Another advantage of a conglomerate is that they have complete ownership over the product. this is an advantage as they have the creative control, and freedom to express new ideas and make important decisions. 

Explain the difference between horizontal and vertical integration in media. Use examples to support you answer. 

Horizontal integration is when 2 or more companies work together to create a product; they cover different areas of production and it can make companies use their expertise in these specific areas or stages. An example of this is Monkeypaw and Blumhouse, as they worked together to create ‘get out’. This differs to vertical integration that is when a company creates a product and covers all of the areas and stages; production, distribution and exhibition. An example of this is Netflix, as they create their own products and distribute it on their own platform. 

Graphs

  • Showing viewing on specific platforms: Netflix, BBC Iplayer, Amazon Prime
  • Showing trends towards viewing television content on platforms- and reasons for the rise in viewing.
  • BARB- this gathers information on television viewing with a specific break down of month, day, channel, programme- it allows us to analyse viewing trends across the channels.
  • An analysis would be to breakdown viewing figures in relation to the popularity of shows. For example, X Factor Vs Strictly. 
Advertising

Traditional- TV advertising, bus posters, billboards
Digital- social media platforms and the internet
Above the line- advertising is reinforced to a mass audience. 
Below the line- advertising is more tailored to a niche audience.  
Examples

If you are a low budget filmmaking production company, what options do you have for advertising?
Social media because it is free/has no expenses. 

How did the producers of Bait advertise the film?
He did Q&A sessions at cinemas in which Bait was being shown, which did not cost him any money.

What advertising did Disney use for Frozen?
Above the line- Billboards, TV advertising
It was able to do this as it had a big budget at it's disposal 

Key words

Time shifting- the recording of programming to a storage medium that can be viewed or listened to after after live broadcasting. An example if this is ITV +1, or Channel +1. 

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